\(\dfrac{a}{2021-c}+\dfrac{b}{2021-a}+\dfrac{c}{2021-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b+c-c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

Vì \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\Rightarrow A.ko.phải.số.nguyên\)

*** $a,b,c>0$ thôi chứ không lớn hơn $1$ bạn nhé. $a,b,c>1$ thì $abc>1$ mất rồi.

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Vì $a, b, c>0$ thỏa mãn $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho:

$(a,b,c)=(\frac{x^2}{yz}, \frac{y^2}{xz}, \frac{z^2}{xy})$
Khi đó, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
$P=\frac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}$

$\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x^2+2yz+y^2+2xz+z^2+2xy}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2}=1$

Vậy $P_{\min}=1$ khi $x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1$

Ta có \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}=a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}\)

Mà \(a+b+c=6\Rightarrow0\le a,b,c\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}\ge2^2+\dfrac{1}{6-2}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\sum\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}=\sum\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+2b^3}=a-\dfrac{2ab^3}{a+b^3+b^3}\ge a-\dfrac{2ab^3}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^6}}=a-\dfrac{2}{3}.b\sqrt[3]{a^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2}{9}b\left(a+a+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+2b^3}\ge a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(2ab+b\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{b+2c^3}\ge b-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(2bc+c\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{c+2a^3}\ge c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(2ac+a\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(A\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(2ab+2bc+2ca+a+b+c\right)=3-\dfrac{2}{9}\left[2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3\right]\)

\(A\ge3-\dfrac{2}{9}\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\right]=1\)

Đây là bài sử dụng Cô-si ngược dấu đặc trưng:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\dfrac{a^2+1-a^2}{a^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{a^2}{2a}=1-\dfrac{a}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{b}{2}\); 

\(\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{c}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\ge3-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:

$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$

$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$

$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$

$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$

$=2+3=5$

Vậy $M_{\min}=5$